The California Gold Rush

American history is a deeply woven story of newthe massive migration brought settlers to the
discoveries, seemingly endless frontiers andsmall town. The demand for goods brought
dogged perseverance. Stories of events andtraders to port in San Francisco, with countless
movements that shaped our world and helpedcrews abandoning ship to start their own search
build our country can be heard from coast tofor wealth in the mountains of California. Similar
coast and everywhere in between: the Industrialsituations arose all over California, especially in
Revolution that sprouted in the northeast andnorthern California where gold reserves where
moved outward, tales of revolution andgreater and much easier to reach.
martyrdom in the South. However, it is to theMuch of our view on the "Wild West" came about
west that we find one the most colorful and trulyas a result of the gold rush of 1849. Being so far
American sagas of sacrifice and adventure. Theremoved from the seat of government on the
California gold rush holds a special place in historyeast coast, California was a notoriously lawless
as being responsible for the some of the mostfrontier. Since California was technically still under
widespread migration from across the country.Mexican control until the end of the
The gold rush began in 1848 when James MarshallMexican-American War, establishing law and
first discovered gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma,government was particularly challenging. The lack
California. Rumors of the find quickly spread, andof a local government made it open season for
within months, the search was on. The earliestclaiming property, and taxes in the West were
treasure seekers would become known as thenon-existent.
"49ers", dubbed so for the influx of people drawnThe gold rush is responsible not only for a cultural
to the hunt in 1849. These first 49ers were madesurge in on the west coast, but also for a
up, for the most part, of local farmers anddramatic increase in the development of
agriculturalists, Native Americans and Hispanictechnology necessary to mine the gold locked
natives. This local atmosphere didn't last long,away in the mountains. Methods varied greatly,
however, once President Taft announced the findfrom simple panning to dredging and advanced
in an address to congress.hydraulic mining. Prospectors were faced with new
Hundreds of thousands of men, women andchallenges as the amount of easily accessible gold
children flocked to the hills of California is searchbegan to dry up. New methods had to be
of the precious metal. Many of the pioneers faceddeveloped to bring the gold up from deep within
a dangerous journey by sea, in hopes of travelingthe hills.
faster than their counterpart crossing land. TheThe gold rush brought a new culture and new
ocean voyage around the tip of South Americaopportunities to what was considered the
was arduous, and many did not survive to seekAmerican frontier. Hardship and sacrifice were as
their fortunes. The overland voyage faced itslikely to be found in the hills of California has gold,
own hardships, with cholera and typhoid feverbut hundreds of thousands still sought the
claiming many travelers.precious metal, in the hopes of finding a better
The city of San Francisco owes its livelihood tolife.
the gold rush. Once a tiny, insignificant waypoint,